As Nava Nalanda Mahavihara is primarily a research institute, emphasis has been given to research and publication projects from the beginning. The Mahavihara undertakes long and short term projects. Short-term projects include doctoral student research, and publication of research volumes and monographs by staff members and research scholars. Long-term projects include publication of Pali texts not yet published in Devanagari script, compilation of a Pali-Hindi Dictionary, Hindi translation of the entire Pali Tipitaka, cataloguing, critical decipherment and publication of manuscripts.
The Mahavihara published the entire Pali Tipitaka in 41 volumes and some commentaries in Devanagari script for the first time in the 1950's. Eight Nava Nalanda Mahavihara Research Volumes have been published. A selection of other publications related to Buddhism has been published as well.
The scope of research and publications include Pali language and literature, Sanskrit Buddhist texts, Tibetan texts, Buddhist philosophy, cultural, social and religious history of Buddhist countries of Southeast Asia and other topics related to Buddhism.